Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

What is Carpal tunnel syndrome?

This is used to describe a combination of symptoms and signs that result from the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. This tunnel is the space located between small bones in the wrist on the back of the hand (dorsum) and a strong ligament called the transverse carpal ligament (on the front or the palmar surface of the hand) holding the ends of the bones together.

What may I notice or complain of?

You may complain of tingling, pins and needles and or numbness in the tips of the fingers especially the thumb, index and middle fingers. There may be associated pain in the wrist or pain that extends upwards towards the elbow. The symptoms can be brought on by normal activities such as driving, combing hair or holding the phone. You may have difficulty doing up your buttons. Patients can also complain of dropping objects or have a feeling of weakness of the hands. Nocturnal or night symptoms can occur and disturb your sleep. You may have observed that you get some relief by shaking your hands and getting it to hang down from the bed. Severe and long standing compression can lead to wasting of the muscles of the hand especially on the ball of the thumb.
How is it treated?
Surgery – this is the definitive treatment and may be recommended after a failed non surgical treatment or in presence of severe symptoms and signs.

However before surgery, there are many ways that are used to help relieve symptoms. These include splinting to be worn at nights, anti inflammatory drugs, local steroid injection and advice on a reduction of the activity that worsens the symptoms.

Anaesthesia
This is usually performed under local anaesthesia. It is done as a day case so you can go home the same day.

What to expect post operatively?

The operated hand is placed in a bulky dressing with the fingers free.

You can reduce the dressings in 5 days and place a simple plaster over the area.

Hand therapy is useful and one or two sessions may suffice.

Usually there are no stitches to remove as they fall off themselves after a week.

Sometimes, especially if you had long standing symptoms, there may be residual sensory symptoms that can take up to a few months to completely resolve.

What are some of the problems that may arise?
As with any surgery there are risks.

Infection can occur as with any surgery and is usually treated with antibiotics.

Collection of blood under the skin (haematoma) can occur especially in patients on aspirin or warfarin. It can usually be drained without much difficulty.

The scars may be tender or sensitive. Massage with cream does help and it settles with time.

The heel of the palm may also be uncomfortable (pillar pain).

The grip strength feels weaker for the first few months after surgery

Rarely the symptoms can recur. This will require further investigation and possibly repeat surgery.

Very few patients may react abnormally to surgery and develop a condition called complex regional pain syndrome which can cause pain and stiffness of the fingers. The aim is to detect the early signs and treat it before it becomes a major problem.

Is it caused by work?
The reports are varied with some for and others against.

The controversies will be discussed at the consultation.

When can I go back to work?
This depends on your occupation. Most patients in administrative or office posts may be able to go back earlier (2weeks) while people in heavy manual jobs may take up to 6 weeks. Patients are however able to resume earlier if they can temporarily re-arrange their duties at work to be more supervisory during the convalescence.

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